A Causal Connection

Sexual Offenders and Pornography: a Causal Connection?

THE QUESTION OF WHETHER A CONNECTION EXISTS BETWEEN THE availability of pornography and the prevalence of sex crime is an emotive one, canvassing as it does the issue of freedom of speech. As a result there has been, perhaps, a tendency to shoot the messenger, ignore the research or, as public opinion makers Phillip Adams (1992) and Richard Neville have done, express concern while at the same t...

Stochastic Independence and Causal Connection

Assumptions of stochastic independence are crucial to statistical models in science. Under what circumstances is it reasonable to suppose that two events are independent? When they are not causally or logically connected, so the standard story goes. But scienticmodels frequently treat causally dependent events as stochastically independent, raising the question whether there are kinds of causa...

Connection between causal and non-causal minimum mean-square errors in optimal linear filtering

Introduction: The optimal linear, minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimation of stationary, continuous-time signals from noise-corrupted observations is a classical signal processing problem, whose solution dates back to the work of Wiener in the 1940s [1]. As shown by Wiener, a lower bound on the MMSE achievable by any realisable (namely, causal) linear filter is obtained by considering the a...

Causal or Causal Relationship Between Oral Diseases and Systemic Amyloidosis – From Inflammation to Amyloidosis – A Trouble Connection

Although recent decades have provided significant advances in our understanding of the pathology and pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis, the mechanism and etiopathological factors promoting amyloidosis are largely unknown (Elimowa et al., 2009). Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving many variables such as primary structure of the precursor protein, acute-phase response, the presence of non-...

Coincident diagnosis of a pulmonary abscess and ascaris lumbricoides infection: a possible causal connection?